Methods By using a closed puncture into retroperitoneal space to establish a surgical access, 87 patients with diseases of adrenal glands, renal cysts, ureteral calculi and ureteral deformities were operated on by means of retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgery. 方法采用闭合式腹膜后间隙穿刺建立手术空间和通道的方法,对87例肾上腺疾病、肾囊性疾病、输尿管结石及输尿管畸形患者实施后腹腔镜手术。